Constitutional Rights

Know Your Rights

If you have been arrested, detained, or questioned by police, these are your fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution of India. Know them. Assert them. They cannot be taken from you.

Fundamental Rights

Your Protections Under the Constitution

Article 14

Right to Equality

The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. No person can be treated differently on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.

Article 19

Right to Freedom of Speech & Assembly

Every citizen has the right to freedom of speech and expression, the right to assemble peaceably and without arms, and the right to form associations. Peaceful protest is a constitutionally protected activity.

Article 21

Right to Life & Personal Liberty

No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law. This is the most fundamental right — any arbitrary detention violates this article.

Article 22

Protection Against Arbitrary Arrest

No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed of the grounds for such arrest. Every arrested person has the right to consult and be defended by a legal practitioner of their choice.

Step by Step

If You Are Arrested — What To Do

01

Stay Calm. Do Not Resist.

Physical resistance can lead to additional charges. Comply with the arrest but clearly state: "I do not consent to this arrest and I am asserting my rights under Article 22."

02

Demand to Know the Grounds

Under Article 22(1), police must inform you of the reason for your arrest. Ask clearly: "What are the grounds for my arrest? Show me the warrant or FIR."

03

Exercise Your Right to Silence

You are not obligated to answer questions without a lawyer present. Politely state: "I wish to speak with a lawyer before answering any questions." This is your right.

04

Contact Family or a Lawyer Immediately

You have the right to inform a family member or friend of your arrest. If you cannot afford a lawyer, you are entitled to free legal aid under Section 304 CrPC.

05

You Must Be Produced Before a Magistrate Within 24 Hours

Under Article 22(2) and Section 57 CrPC, police cannot detain you for more than 24 hours without producing you before a magistrate. If this is violated, it is illegal detention.

06

File a Complaint with Awaaz

Document everything — time of arrest, names of officers, police station, charges stated. Then file a complaint with us immediately so our legal team can act.

Were Your Rights Violated?

If police failed to inform you of grounds for arrest, denied you access to a lawyer, or detained you beyond 24 hours without producing you before a magistrate — these are violations of your fundamental rights.

This page provides general legal information for awareness purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice. For advice specific to your situation, please file a complaint and speak with one of our advocates.

आवाज़

Voice for Justice — Legal aid for students and minorities affected by arrests during the CJP protests.

Backed by the Office of Al Mahdi & INC Law and Human Rights Cell

Contact & Support

Citizens for Justice and Peace (CJP)

Office of Al Mahdi

INC Law & Human Rights Cell

[email protected]
"We, the People of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic and to secure to all its citizens: Justice, social, economic and political; Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; Equality of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation..."
— Preamble, Constitution of India

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